Literature Review on Types of Discipline Essay

2.1.1 VandalismAccording to word What is malicious mischief, written by Dye1, she delineate vandalism as a offensive that generally involves the destruction, disfigurement of ordinary or private shoes. A person does non have to destroy a property to be charged with vandalism. This crime brush aside include acts that precisely demise a piece of property. For example, a person whitethorn rip the seats of a shoal bus. The bus is still operable, but its apprize and its ability to be used ar greatly reduced. Kraus (1979) said that vandalism consequences argon often simply causing inconvenience oneself and anger.One aspect of civilize vandalism is often reported in look into studies from the United States as the research from Rubel (1977) states that the club of vandalism with other types of instruct crimes such(prenominal) as petty theft in the school and personal violence against rung and scholarly persons. According to Cohen (1973) the public trances this type of ex pression as threatening. Even though vandalism is directed at public property, the public still feared being victims of uncontrolled juveniles that roaming the street.2.1.2 AbsenteeismThen, Heathfield2 outlined scatterbrainedeeism as the chronic wanting(p) from run short or study. Absenteeism usually addressed by dint of progressively stricter disciplinary measures that can top in the termination of the individuals employment. This is generally governed by the institution attending policy. Rayner & Riding (1996) cited Schostak (1980) in the United solid ground that found at least 800,000 students absent from school for un apologiad reasons. Webb (1993) suggest that most half a million students were absent each day. Students who have absenteeism problems generally yield academically and lovingly. According to Baker and Jansen (2000), studies orient that students who are absent have abase achievement and may be penalized on test scores. Sustained absences may return to r etention and truancy._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vandalism.htm2 http//humanresources.about.com/od/ attendingpolicy/g/absenteeism.htm2.1.3 TruancyWisconsin (2000) defined ingenuous truancy as any absence of part or all of a school day for which a students parent or withstander has not provided a valid excuse. According to Cavallari3, he states that many institutions end-to-end the world have difficulty enforcing authorisation attendance for a variety of reasons. nearly students find it more worth mend to get to the world of career and earn bullion for their families, date others struggle with coursework and choose simply not to attend class while others have difficulty getting to school because they live in rural areas.The reasons wherefore students do not attend school are complex and seemingly endless, devising mandatory attendance difficult to enfor ce. most schools base part of a students phase on attendance, while others make an attendance persona a requirement for graduation. A student essential attend classes a certain percent epoch of the school year in magnitude to advance to the next grade as the student can be held subscribe in the same grade if he or she fails to meet compulsory attendance requirements, which more or less critics claim can admonish students from attending school at all. However, some advocates claim it encour historic periods students to attend class because it gist they can progress to the next grade level with their peers.2.1.4 SmokingHenderson4 and her colleagues found that in their research about sens habits and wider social environment in school, on average, 25% of males and 39% of females aged 15-16, reported that they both regularly or occasionally smoked. The age group of 14 to 18 years is most the likes ofly to attract towards the smoking habit and become an addict for the substit ute of his or her breeding as this age represents the growth of maturity where teens make choices for their life style and plan where they want to see themselves in the future.The teens are more sensible about their genius, styles and making up their place model as their inspiration in life. On the other hand, this is the age where factors like stress, attention disorder, psychological pressures and conflicts from parents play an grand role in impacting the individual personality and most of the teens are seen fighting with these soma of problems due to lack of parental interest, or sometime over protectiveness of parents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 http//www.wisegeek.com/how-can-schools-enforce-mandatory-attendance.htm 4 http//www.journal-archieves14.webs.com/848-855.pdf