Caree Action plan And self reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Caree Action plan And self reflection - Essay Example At this present day, when internet marketing is considered a necessity, not an advantage it is considered the basic requirement of marketing strategy and a source of introducing a company worldwide. The key competency required to be a marketer is to be the generator of ideas out of the limitations. Individuals with skills and knowledge are valuable and appreciated in the company. Marketing is the idea of reaching out the customers worldwide with better strategies (Pride, 2006). As a marketer of this modern era, marketers have to think out of the boxes and limitations. Marketing is all about creativity. A different strategy for a new product or service can attain greater attention from valuable customers. A good marketing strategy can play an incredible role in achieving a positive image in the eyes of the customer (Hoffman & Bateson, 2010). It is the point where the marketer is considered to have brilliance in his sector of a job. To be specific, marketing is all about creating a valuable and positive image in the mind of potential customers. After graduating from school with specializing in marketing, students are considered to be creative. They are required to have enough potential to think and create new techniques of marketing by thinking out of the box and limitations. To be able to think out of the limitations, one needs to be attentive to the surroundings. It is necessary for the marketer to be the best communicator as the job requires customer dealing (Fill, 2002). A marketer should possess good communication skills either verbally or non-verbally. On the other side, a marketer should be able to understand gestures of customer (Ang, 2014). Information Technology is playing a vital role in marketing sector as the potential customers are approached by using the internet. A marketer should possess wide knowledge of information technology. The competition is growing rapidly, and the companies require those who possess

Social media Essay Example for Free

Social media Essay Social media is being integrated in our everyday lives at a rapid pace. Twitter, Facebook, and Myspace have become a channel for social interaction, personal identification and network building among society. A student’s life would be unthinkable without Facebook and small to medium businesses for example food trucks would suffer without the enormity of audience volume of social media. These companies have evolved people’s lives and business in successful ways, the question remains to ask on how these companies are to remain profitable from individuals using their services. As Facebook remains to be the top social media portal, the company has many obstacles to overcome when it comes to ethical issues regarding security and privacy. Facebook has essentially become a personal identification database. This is very disconcerting as personal information can easily be accessed or recognized using Facebook. In the past, the company has faced protest and government action as it has practiced unfair and deceptive business research practices. The unethical research behavior issue at hand has to do with privacy concerns with its users. The problem involved has to do with users being unaware on how Facebook manages its personal information. The company conducted deceptive practices by not warning user’s that certain personal information was made public record, which was set to be private by the user. In other results, Facebook, which has almost a billion users worldwide, had allowed advertisers to glean personally identifiable information when a Facebook user clicked on an advertisement on his or her Facebook page. The injured party in facebook’s security and privacy breach is the user. The user has personal information that is only intended for his or her private forum. The user should be notified if any personal information is being viewed in a public forum. Also advertiser should not have the capabilities of tracking user information even though the user clicks on advertisements belonging to the company. As a result, the ability to track someone should be off limits. Social media has become a portal for personal information and can be viewed as a spy machine. This in turn could have reckless affects against the user and consumer. The unethical behavior has affected the organization, individual, and society in a spectrum of events. The organization or Facebook was investigated by the Federal Trade commission and was given a settlement that could result in fines. The government did not find that Facebook intentionally broke the law but must respect the privacy wishes of its users and must adhere to privacy audits the next 20 years. However, within the organization, Facebook potentially could have lost users and faced protest from society for certain products that were resulting in privacy and security concerns. In a report of 23 internet service companies, the watchdog organization Privacy international charged Facebook with severe privacy flaws and put it in the second lowest category for â€Å"substantial and comprehensive privacy threats† (â€Å"A race to the bottom†, 2007) As an individual, the company’s unethical behavior is disconcerting and should be more thoroughly recognized when using the Facebook’s service. Potentially the information viewed and received can report a lot of about people’s behavior and actions that could lead to further investigation. In a rather benign example, a police officer resorted to searching Facebook after witnessing a case of public urination outside a fraternity house at University of Illinois. Once on Facebook, the officer found the man he was looking for and cited the individual a $145. 00 ticket for public urination. (Dawson, 2007) Additionally, the Patriot Act allows state agencies to bypass privacy settings on Facebook in order to look up potential employees. (NACE spotlight online, 2006) The unethical behavior by Facebook has given society a reason to be concerned about the personal information that they may deem as irravalent data. Facebook or the internet for that matter is a spy machine that collects data and can be viewed to the public for research. As technology evolves, a new wave of computer hacking tools will develop using personal information from social media portals. In a experiment by Missouri student Charlie Rosenbury, who wrote a computer program that enable him to invite 250,000 people to be his friend and 30 percent added him to be his friend. (Jump, 2005) Simarily, the IT firm Sophos set up a fake profile to data mine â€Å"friends† for the purpose of identity theft. They found that out of 200 contacted people, 41 percent revealed personal information by either responding to the contact or immediately befriending the fake persona. (Sophos Facebook ID, 2007) The unethical behavior could be avoided or resolved by having safer business practices. Facebook is attempting to profit by large margins from its users for advertisement. The company has at present a billion users that could dangle to advertisers for the benefit of profiting in large scales. Facebook has not found a model to ethically keep users information private and maximize on the personal information of its users.

Hurricane Floyd :: essays research papers

A hurricane is easily the most powerful storm that mother-nature can throw at us. Every year people who live on the coasts fight hurricanes with no dismay. A hurricane is simply too strong. Their winds reach speeds of 75 mph. The winds around the eye wall can reach 130 to 150 mph. They are 200 to 300 miles in diameter. The number of casualties is endless, as well as the widespread destruction that takes millions of dollars to repair. Even if the hurricane doesn’t cause a lot of damage, the storm surge will. Storm surge is the great tidal waves that crash into our coasts and make huge floods that are caused by hurricanes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes are extremely large area’s of low pressure that are over the ocean in either the North Atlantic ocean, or the eastern North Pacific Ocean. If a hurricane is in the western Pacific Ocean than it is called a typhoon. One in the Indian Ocean is called a cyclone. The danger region of a hurricane is normally in the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. The hurricane season is the six month time period from June-November. The peak month of hurricanes is September.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes form over the ocean. Easterly waves, what hurricanes develop from, are long, narrow regions of low pressure which occur in ocean winds called trade winds. At first, these easterly waves can grow into something called, a tropical depression. A tropical depression occurs when winds are up to 31 mph. Then tropical depressions can be upgraded into a tropical storm if the winds reach speeds of 74 mph or less. Then finally a the storm can be bumped up into a hurricane if the winds reach 75 mph.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The National Weather Service is constantly trying to provide us with data and other information about when and where hurricanes are forming. It has been said that the only way to reduce the number of fatalities in serious storms is to give people more warning time for them to go to a safer place. Many times in hurricanes people are told to evacuate there city or state. The more time that people have to do this the more that people will do this. Throughout the entire hurricane season meteorologists keep a close watch on the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. They examine pictures of the area taken by satellites, and also take information on air pressure, wind speed, and temperatures.

Love, Sonnets and Songs :: Sonnet essays

Love, Sonnets and Songs.   Mary Wroth's prose romance, The Countess of Mountgomeries Urania, closely compares with her uncle, Sir Philip Sidney, 1593 edition The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia.   Wroth was undoubtedly following her uncle's lead by trying to emulate Astrophil and Stella.   Astrophil and Stella and Pamphilia to Amphilantus are both about being in love and they both have over one hundred sonnets and songs. After rereading both pieces, I was struck not by their similarities but by their differences.   For example, Stella is assertive and Pamphilia is passive.   Stella is truly bound by her love for Astrophil while Pamphilia cannot break herself free from the love she feels forAmphilantus.   Sidney creates a female beauty that retains her voice and speaks, whereas Wroth allows her woman to remain inactive and vulnerable.   However, Wroth no longer allows the female to be the object.   She gives the female a voice and she is now the speaking subject.   Pamphilia remains inactive and unfulfilled but very patient. A good question for the reader to ask oneself is why would Wroth not establish a strong female speaking subject like the one she was trying to imitate?   Wroth was the first woman writer in England to publish a romance and a sonnet sequence.   She was by no means conservative or cared about what people thought of her, which has been proved by the antics of her personal life.   So why not establish that same woman character/speaking voice in her prose?   I would like now to look at the similarities and differences of Stella and Pamphilia. First, Philip Sidney and his female character Stella.   Stella has a voice and does speak, however, she speaks in the songs and not the sonnets themselves.   We see in the first two lines in each stanza of the Eleventh Song, Stella speaking and Astrophil answering her. Who is it that this dark night Underneath my window plaineth? It is one who from they sight Being (ah) exiled, disdaineth Every other vulgar light. Because she is not granted a sonnet, the standpoint that women are not allowed a voice has some truth to it.   Another standpoint is the way the women are viewed.   Women are viewed by their physical aspects.   For example, in sonnet 7, the speaker states: When Nature make her chief work, Stella's eyes In color black why wrapped she beams so bright?

Usain Bolt

Usain Bolt Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt is arguably the fastest man in the world, winning three gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, and becoming the first man in Olympic history to win both the 100-meter and 200-meter races in record times. Bolt won his fourth Olympic gold medal in the men's 100-meter race at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London, beating rival Yohan Blake, who took silver. Bolt ran the race in 9. 63 seconds, a new Olympic record, making him the first man in history to set three world records in a single Olympic Games competition. The win marked Bolt's second consecutive gold medal in the 100.Bolt went on to compete in the men's 200, claiming his second consecutive gold medal in that race. He is the first man to win both the 100 and 200 at consecutive Olympic Games, as well as the first man to ever win back-to-back gold medals in double sprints. Usain Bolt was born in Jamaica on August 21, 1986. Both a standout cricket player and a sprinter ear ly on, Bolt’s natural speed was noticed by coaches at school, As early as age 14, Bolt was wowing fans of sprinting with his lightning speed, and he won his first high school championships medal in 2001, taking the silver in the 200-meter race.Bolt announced that he would run the 100-meter and 200-meter events at the Beijing Summer Olympics. In the 100-meter final, Bolt broke the world record, winning in 9. 69 seconds. Not only was the record set without a favorable wind, but he also visibly slowed down to celebrate before he finished (and his shoelace was untied), an act that aroused much controversy later on. Bolt's achievements in sprinting have earned him numerous awards, including the IAAF World Athlete of the Year (twice), Track & Field Athlete of the Year and Laureus Sportsman of the Year.

Nature Vs. Nurture Theories essays

Nature Vs. Nurture Theories essays Nature Vs. Nurture Theories of Development G. Stanley Halls Recapitulation Theory emphasizes that the changes which characterize the human life cycle today, are parallel to the changes that our species went through during evolution. Hall saw adolescence as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. He felt that childhood was a time when the innate characteristics of humans were similar to those of animals. Whereas, he felt that adulthood was a time that distinguished humans from animals and raised them to a higher level. So, basically this theory suggests that adolescence is a period of transition from being animal-like to being human-like (civilized). Such a transition is parallel to the evolutionary change that took place as humans evolved from being prehistoric/ape-like beings, to being civilized human beings. Because of the many changes and the great amount of difficulty involved with such, Hall perceived adolescence as a very stressful and difficult time. The main problem with Halls theory is that he didnt have an accurate understanding of the process of human evolution. His theory does not go along with the theory of survival of the fittest, which has been proven to be true. Even if his theory is looked at as an analogy, it still is not accurate because a 2 or 3 year old child has surpassed the capacities of prehistoric human-like animals(monkeys, apes, Neanderthals, etc.), which Hall correlates the stage of childhood to. Although Halls theory is important because it was the first scientific theory of development, it was never widely accepted because of its inaccuracies; ontogeny does not recapitulate phylogeny. Freuds theory of psychoanalysis is a weak interaction theory that places its emphasis on nature. He believed that the changes in a persons life were fixed and universal biologically based. Peoples experiences in life were acts to support those ...

When All Are Treated Equal Professor Ramos Blog

When All Are Treated Equal As of thus far, there have been many great short stories and poems to analyze for American identity. The task to choose from just two of these was difficult alone because there have been so many insightful ones – Carl Sandburg’s â€Å"Chicago† and Zitkala-Sa’s â€Å"Impressions of an Indian Childhood† are two great ones to talk about that easily have essay potential. However, I ultimately decided on W.E.B. Du Bois’ The Souls of Black Folk and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s â€Å"Babylon Revisited† because these two authors directly talk about two major issues that helped define what it meant to be an American at that time – slavery (Du Bois) and the Great Depression (Fitzgerald). It is unique to note when these two works were written: one after the end of slavery and the other at the beginning of the Great Depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Du Bois is not afraid to state in these two chapters (â€Å"I: Of Our Spiritual Strivings† and â€Å"III: Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others†) his hopes of what America should give the black people: the right to vote and to be treated equally instead of as inferior beings. â€Å"He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of Opportunity closed roughly in his face† (Du Bois and Levine 563). Du Bois was born in 1868, three years after the end of slavery yet in the time of The Souls of Black Folk, racism had found a different way to thrive in American society: Jim Crow. The Jim Crow laws were doctrines established by Congress to separate African Americans from white Americans, made popular by the Supreme Court’s 1897 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. â€Å"Of Our Spiritual Strivings† is about Du Bois’ declaration of equality for black people. It also accurately describes how Du Bois felt when it came to being black: â€Å"Why did God make me an outcast and a stranger in mine own house? The shades of the prison-house closed round about us all† (Du Bois and Levine 563). This quote alone exemplifies Du Bois’ anger at being treated differently, shunned as an outcast and a stranger in his house. What does this phrase, â€Å"mine own house† mean, though? Du Bois does not refer to America as his house, instead he is talking about his own body, bringing it to a more personal level. As I previously stated, Jim Crow was being used around the same time that The Souls of Black Folk was written to separate the two races, establishing the separate but equal doctrine that was most prevalently used in the Southern part of the United States where Du Bois worked at Atlanta University, perhaps explaining how he further felt isolated from his body. A key observation in the first chapter that Du Bois points out is that the â€Å"Negro† should be included in the classification of American peoples. â€Å" There are to-day no truer exponents of the pure human spirit of the Declaration of Independence than the American Negroes; there is no true American music but the wild sweet melodies of the Negro slave† (Du Bois and Levine 567). Du Bois is most probably referring to this part in the Declaration: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† (US 1776).All men deserve to be treated fairly and equally under the law of America – this is Du Bois’ argument for himself as well as all other African Americans. A part of this quote could also be a reference to the struggles faced by black Americans in the time of The Souls of Black Folk: â€Å"There are to-day no truer exponents† – Du Bois is making the argument that black people are just as deserving or, perhaps even more deserving, of American rights than white people due to the black slaves’ unjust torture and imprisonment by their owners, not to mention the severe discrimination after freedom. It seems as if the rivalry between W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington paved the way years later to a similar rivalry for the black American population: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Walter Rucker, who wrote an article about Du Bois’ contributions to black society makes a similar statement: â€Å"Du Bois effectively created a model for the community-control black nationalism that Black Power advocates of the mid to late 1960s would passionately argue for† (Rucker 38). There is an interesting aspect to point out here: W.E.B. Du Bois and Malcolm X could both serve as members of the Black Power movement which demanded for black rights; whereas Booker T. Washington and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., while also similar, have a difference. Dr. King not only participated in peaceful protests but was one of the major leaders of the Civil Rights movement but would Washington have also participated in the Civil Rights movement? It is hard to say concerning his speech at the Atlanta Exposition which did not necessarily call for complete equality and justice for the black American population but rather to provide jobs and education for them – this is exactly why Du Bois criticizes him so much in â€Å"Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The chapter is appropriately given the title of â€Å"Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others† because Du Bois is attempting to send a message to his philosophical opponent – that black Americans can do much more than get a job; instead, they can be leaders of any field in any community. One of the most key quotes in this chapter gives some insight to Du Bois’ criticism of Washington: â€Å"In these years there have occurred: 1. The disfranchisement of the Negro. 2. The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro. 3. The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of Negro† (Du Bois and Levine 573). Du Bois writes this conclusion after stating that it is a result of Washington’s insistence on black people giving up their demand mostly for civil rights but also among other factors such as political power and higher education in order to be treated as equal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Du Bois is concluding that Washington is to blame for all of black Americans’ problems? No, even Du Bois states this himself: â€Å"These movements are not, to be sure, direct results of Mr. Washingtons teachings† (Du Bois and Levine 573). Instead, the whole purpose of the chapter is a message to Booker T. Washington and others like him to advocate for the civil rights of black people instead of encouraging them to feel satisfied that they have just survived another day. How does The Souls of Black Folk contribute to American identity? It takes it a step further – it wishes for a black American identity in a white American society. Du Bois is stating to the world that black people in America are Americans despite their different skin color. Lastly, to sum up Du Bois’ message – all black men should be created equal just as much as all men are created equal. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s â€Å"Babylon Revisited† is quite a different story than The Souls of Black Folk because it is a fictional story set during a real-life event, the Great Depression. Charlie Wales is an American trying to move on after losing it all in the stock market crash and trying to regain custody of his daughter Honoria from his sister in law Marion and her husband Lincoln. Wales is having trouble doing this as a result of a double whammy: he is a recovering alcoholic and Marion blames him for her sister’s death. However, Charlie is able to visit Honoria and never loses hope of being reunited with his daughter. As we have discussed during class time, the significance of the daughter being named Honoria as in honor. So, would Charlie’s way of achieving honor be successful by being with Honoria? It is possible that he has done this already with his addiction to alcohol. Wales has admitted that he struggled with alcohol abuse and he has turned a new leaf but yet it is still not enough to satisfy Marion. This is evident when Charlie explains his reason for only having one alcoholic drink a day and when asked is if she sees the purpose of it, Marion’s response is â€Å" â€Å"No†, said Marion succinctly† (Fitzgerald and Levine 997). It might be possible Marion believes that Charlie shouldn’t have any alcohol at all. Alcohol, like drugs, is an intoxicating agent that when drunk, can disorient people and possibly, can make them extremely violent. F. Scott Fitzgerald was an alcoholic and his wife, Zelda, was admitted to a mental institution after the partying days of the Jazz Age, quite similar to Charlie’s situation with his wife, Helen. The theme of trauma is prevalent throughout the story – Marion has trauma over the death of Helen while Charlie has it over multiple issues such as trying to regain money after the crash, achieving sobriety and the fear of completely losing his daughter. The question that I believe Marion is asking Charlie is which trauma does he suffer from more: losing alcohol or Honoria? By the time the story begins, Wales is already sober and determined to be united with his daughter. Why is it that Marion cannot see this? Does she not want to? This could be a reasonable conclusion since she already has a bias towards Wales over Helen’s death. Yet, this apparent bias should not cloud her judgement on what is best for Honoria. Literally, Marion’s reasons for keeping Honoria are countless but will any of them really affect Honoria emotionally? Probably not as much as keeping her from Charlie since she adores her father so much. An additional way to prove how much Wales has changed is the way he feels about Duncan and Lorraine. The very fact that he is not associated with them anymore is a milestone for Charlie’s road to redemption. Unfortunately, the two mess everything up for him when they show up at Marion and Lincoln’s home asking for him, completely ruining Charlie’s goal of gaining Honoria just when they were going to give him custody. This is ultimately why the story is left on a cliffhanger instead of a happy ending, simply because Marion has yet another reason to doubt on how Charlie could provide for Honoria. Make no mistake, though, Wales does not deserve to wear a halo and be put up on a pedestal – he did lock Helen out of the house which could have been a factor in her death. All of this in mind, does Charlie deserve to have redemption? Elsa Nettels, in her analysis on â€Å"Babylon Revisited† weighs in by stating if Wales’ predicament is hopeless: â€Å"Fitzgerald’s story does not render final judgement of the characters or reveal the ultimate effects of their actions†¦ the decisive force is hate, which leaves the reader to wonder whether Charlie will be forced to â€Å"pay forever† † (Nettels 265). Hatred is the connection which ties The Souls of Black Folk and â€Å"Babylon Revisited† together – hatred against black Americans for being black and against Charlie Wales for his past lifestyle. Hate is not an aspect of a true American yet it has existed on American land before America was even a country. The Founding Fathers said that all men are created equal but when will all persons be treated equal? The United States is full of people who are different and it is our differences that make us American. This is exactly why society must unite together to work against hatred before hate itself becomes a part of American identity, speaking as if it hasn’t already. Du Bois, W.E.B., and Robert S. Levine. The Souls of Black Folk: Chapter I: Of Our Spiritual Strivings. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Ninth Shorter Edition, Volume 2, W. W. Norton Company, 2017, p. 563, 567, 573. Fitzgerald, F. Scott, and Robert S. Levine. Babylon Revisited. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Ninth Shorter Edition, Volume 2, W. W. Norton Company, 2017, pp. 997. Nettels, Elsa. Howells A Circle in the Water and Fitzgeralds Babylon Revisited. Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 19, no. 3, 1 June 1982, p. 265, EBSCO Academic Search Complete . web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6sid=726e4630-7f75-4cf8-aab9-53c195633eea%40sdc-v-sessmgr05. Accessed 5 Apr. 2019. Rucker, Walter C. â€Å"‘A Negro Nation within the Nation’: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Creation of a Revolutionary Pan-Africanist Tradition†. Black Scholar, vol. 32, no. 3-4, 1 Sept. 2002, p. 38, EBSCO Academic Search Complete . web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=19sid=e2282fb7-eff6-434d-a266-89233e3e8ddc%40sdc-v-sessmgr06.  Accessed 31 Mar. 2019.

Summary of the Proposal Essays

Summary of the Proposal Essays Summary of the Proposal Essay Summary of the Proposal Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Summary of the Proposal 1. Executive Summary This report was prepared to study the macro and microenvironments of juice production in Norway and Brazil. There is less competition in Norway compared to Brazil due to the established company, the Boost Juice Bar. In order to improve sales in Norway, advertisements will be used during the Fifa World Cup that will take place in Brazil. Founded by Janine and Jeff Allis Australia in 2000, Boost Juice Bars is one of the most recognized business chains inside Australia with over 200 branches. Starting with $250,000 and the help of nutritionists, Janine formulated healthy juice products and still researches on various ways to better her product. Examples of products the company produces using its developed technology include skinny smoothies, fresh juices, low fat smoothies, bottled juices and light smoothies. The target market for the company is anyone who is health conscious. 2. Company Objectives and Strategy To achieve a high number of sales while growing its opportunities To promote its brand all over the world To gain a large proportion of the market share To achieve the above using Porter’s formula for competitive advantage 3. Political, cultural, economic, social and technological environments in Norway Norway is located in northern Europe and is bordered by Russia, Sweden and Finland. Its capital city is Oslo, and it has a monarchical government. It is one of the richest countries in northern Europe with vast technological developments. Religion is not a significant influence in the Norwegian society and women are equally represented as men. Norway also has a very rich culture and is a significant tourist destination. 4. Political, Cultural, Economic, Social and Technological Environments in Brazil Brazil is more and more being recognized for its advancements in technology that have been achieved through multiple research initiatives funded by the government. However, the country’s government has failed in housing its citizens, and though poverty rates have been reducing over the years, it is still a major problem. Despite the cultural diversity that makes the Brazilian society, class division is determined by economic ability and the color of one’s skin. 5. Comparing Australia to Brazil and Norway Australia has a political system similar to that of Norway and Brazil; though Brazil’s political system is slightly different because of instances of corruption. On the economic field, Brazil is gaining faster though both Australia and Norway are ahead of it. Technologically, both Norway and Australia are ahead of Brazil. Culturally, all the three countries are diverse. This means that the marketing techniques used by Booster Juice Company require an adjustment to suit in the different countries’ societies. This process involves a shift in product design, pricing, advertisement and transportation. 6. Product Market Analysis for Brazil and Norway Sales of health-associated products have been successful in Norway since Norwegians are health conscious people. Juice products sell well in Norway and are a vital competitor for other goods sold in the country. In Brazil, there is a growing awareness on the importance of healthy food products compared to junk food. The Norwegian market is in the final stages of growth because of the many sales made in the beginning stages. Both Norway and Brazil have distribution mechanisms including airports, supermarkets, seaports and store bars. Competitively, Booster juice is at a better position because of its product variety. Boost Juice should keep producing an alternative to junk foods and concentrate on various advertisement techniques in the forthcoming Fifa World Cup. Marketing objectives for Norway and Brazil are different due to the dissimilarities in societal structure.

HIV video summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HIV video summary - Assignment Example The first video proffered details of AIDS from the outbreak to epidemic. It discussed that AIDS was first reported June 5, 1981, when the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded a cluster of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (now still classified as PCP but known to be caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii) in five homosexual men in Los Angeles. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as a set of symptoms and infections resulting from the damage to the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). More details on early epidemic signs, AIDS timeline, rapid AIDS virus test, global statistics, and question and answer portions were all presented. The mechanisms, from its inception to the life cycle of the virus were discussed. With the alarming number of people affected with AIDS, a specialized drug was developed to contain the syndrome. This is known as antiretroviral medications. â€Å"Antiretroviral drugs inhibit the reproduction of retroviruses-viruses composed of RNA rather than DNA. The best known of this group is HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, the causative agent of AIDS. Antiretroviral agents are virustatic agents which block steps in the replication of the virus. The drugs are not curative; however continued use of drugs, particularly in multi-drug regimens, significantly slows disease progression.† The enormity of people who had been diagnosed of AIDS/HIV in developing countries needs more than primary health care to address this illness. According to the video, the most appropriate care needed by patients diagnosed with AIDS/HIV is palliative care. By addressing the patients’ physical, emotional, mental, social, physiological aspects, health care practitioners could finally admit that appropriate treatment was indeed delivered. The lectures presented were very informative and useful as an authoritative

Australian Tourism and Hospitality Law Case Study

Australian Tourism and Hospitality Law - Case Study Example This island is managed and swimming. The Western Australian State Government had mandated the Island Authority to manage the island. There have been increased concerns over of the dangers posed by sharks in the water, according to the fishermen, shark sightings have increased in the local water, which poses a risk to the swimmers and fishermen. The fears of the fishermen were confirmed by an incident that occurred in 22nd October, during this day, Frank, who was swimming within the flags, was dumped into a sand bar, and when he was pulled from the water by the lifeguards, and taken for medical treatment, Frank was found with a fracture of his cervical vertebra. The fracture left him paralyzed from the waist down. Later in the day, there was a shark alarm, sounded by lifeguards for people to clear the water, however, Matt, who was 100 meters from the shore, was taken away and his body was never found. The events on this day leave a question of whether the Island Authority is liable fo r the Frank’s injuries and the death of Matt. Looking at the facts of this case, the Island is under the management of the Island Authority, therefore, the Island Authority is responsible for the safety of those fishing, swimming and camping on the island.1 This follows that Matt and Frank were visitors to the island; therefore, their safety was in the hands of the Island Authority. ... Looking at the statistics, 50 years before the year 2000, there was only one fatal attack in these waters, but within the last 5 years, there have been six attacks from the shark on the west coast, and these attacks were fatal. In addition, according to reports, there were 16 attacks near the sea, where the victims suffered serious injuries but survived. The Island Authority should have these statistics, and if they have them, then they should be more vigilant near the sea and in the water; they should have taken extra-measures to minimize the dangers caused by the sharks. When Frank got hurt, he was swimming within the flags; these flags indicated that the waters he was swimming in were safe, therefore, he had no worries about his safety. The same applied to Matt. This can only mean that the water was not inspected at all or the inspection was not well done, and considering the reports on the increasing shark attacks, the Island authority can be accused of negligence. In addition, t he boat patrol is supposed to be done all the time, and they are supposed to be several boats and not one, if this was the case, maybe Matt could have been saved in time. Moreover, the Island Authority is not well equipped with the disaster management equipment, and the procedure used for clearing people from the water and rescuing people is not well organized. Knowing that people might not be quick enough to clear the water when the shark alarm is sound, the Authority did not take an initiative to necessitate quick water clearance. Again, most of the people visiting the Island for recreational activities are not locals, and this means that they are not aware of the dangers posed by sharks in the water in this region.3 Therefore, it

The Differences in Performance Between Various Companies Research Paper

The Differences in Performance Between Various Companies - Research Paper Example There are a number of Work/Life events where employees at SAS get guidance on other matters that may affect their productivity at the workplace. During these events, all the employees interact and share the problems as a collective unit. All these activities give the employees motivation to work hard as well as creating a cohesive group. According to Thibaut and Kelley’s classic (1959) interdependence theory, alternatives give rise to options. As such, if the costs are more than the rewards, they are likely to leave the group, but if the rewards are more than the costs, they are likely to stay on and work hard to ensure that there is a success in the group (Attractions). The work environment at the SAS Company is unique making the employees motivated from the rewards within the group. This makes them stay in the company and work hard towards its success. Another successful company that deals in computer software are Cisco. The company provides high salaries to its employees in comparison to other companies. Cisco communicates the long-term strategy indicating that the work, which employees do, is more than just a job (CNN, 2011). They, therefore, strive to change the way employees work and live by giving them a comfortable pay. This gives the employees motivation since they work hard hence the success of the company. Further insight into Thibaut and Kelley interdependence theory highlights the issue of rewards and costs comes in place (Attractions). The salary, which the employees at Cisco Company receive, is high thus their allegiance to the company. The Company trains its employees on the culture to embrace.

Litrature Review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Litrature Review - Article Example Though not citing their source of information, they identify development of tests with late 19th century before its application in the world war. The authors however ensured credibility in subsequent sections of the review that are adequately referenced. These sections include review of types of tests that identifies cognitive ability tests, mechanical ability test, motor and sensor ability test, sensory ability test, and aptitude test with such applications as selection of employees, training and development, team building and development, and career development and progression. The general approach to the authors’ literature review that relied on numerous and diversified sources further identify the authors’ good job in establishing a credible review. The authors therefore did a commendable job in reviewing existing literature to consolidate information on the subject. Their findings are valid because they are based on published resources, reliable because of the exte nsive scope of the explored resources, and I concur with the authors’ opinions that psychological tests are important to personnel decisions because the identified concepts are widely practiced (Ajila and Linus,

Nanotechnology Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanotechnology - Annotated Bibliography Example The purpose of the site is to explain the basic concepts related to nanotechnology and refer to the latest news, events and articles. The author Earl Boysen was a co-author of the book Nanotechnology for Dummies (Richard Booker & Earl Boysen, Wiley Publishing). He started the website with view to explaining the concepts in book in simpler understandable format. I am recommending this site because the website contains excerpts from the book Nanotechnology for Dummies further explaining the concepts in detail. It is a good resource for gaining a basic understanding of the field and to remain in touch with the latest research activities. It provides links to resources and articles for further reading, lists the descriptions of jobs available in the field. It even provides a simple lesson plan for the students of middle and high schools. The purpose of the site is to host a complete book related to the basics of nanotechnology online. The author Drexler, K. Eric, Ph.D., is an active researcher and author of a number of conference and journal articles besides this book. His work mainly focuses on the advanced nanotechnologies and the directions of the current research. He also served as Chief Technical Consultant to the Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems and is currently working with World Wildlife Fund exploring nanotechnology-based solutions to global problems such as energy and climate change. I am recommending this site because the entire book is available online in html format. The book covers the basic context, concept and possible applications of nanotechnology and therefore can be used as a good creative study reference guide. The purpose of the site is providing latest research and development news, articles, resources and a blog on nanotechnology and its applications as well as any raised issues. The publisher, Foresight Institute is a

Litrature Review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Litrature Review - Article Example Though not citing their source of information, they identify development of tests with late 19th century before its application in the world war. The authors however ensured credibility in subsequent sections of the review that are adequately referenced. These sections include review of types of tests that identifies cognitive ability tests, mechanical ability test, motor and sensor ability test, sensory ability test, and aptitude test with such applications as selection of employees, training and development, team building and development, and career development and progression. The general approach to the authors’ literature review that relied on numerous and diversified sources further identify the authors’ good job in establishing a credible review. The authors therefore did a commendable job in reviewing existing literature to consolidate information on the subject. Their findings are valid because they are based on published resources, reliable because of the exte nsive scope of the explored resources, and I concur with the authors’ opinions that psychological tests are important to personnel decisions because the identified concepts are widely practiced (Ajila and Linus,

Marketing Plan for Company G Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Plan for Company G - Research Paper Example This discussion stresses that consumers with comparatively higher income level are likely to purchase electronic appliances as they want to make their life more convenient, and they are ready to part with their money for that. Individual with higher income level are inclined towards trying new commodities and thus would be a prime source of company’s initial revenue from the newly launched product line. In addition to the income level, geography is another important factor. The company should focus its marketing activities in mostly the urban areas as compared to the rural. There are several other different bases for identification of the target market. It must be kept into consideration that one segmentation variable must be superior to another in the hierarchy of variables. Other variables for identification of target market would be age, gender, occupation, education, social class, buyer behavior and lifestyle. This paper declares that the product of the company can be divided into three categories namely convenience goods, shopping goods and specialty goods. Following is the classification of the products offered by the company. The marketing objective if the company G would be to create awareness in the market about the newly launch product line. The company would have to organize various promotion and advertising activities in order to provide adequate exposure to the new product. Price Marketing objective related to the price would be to promote the product based on the criteria that the prices have been set for customers belonging to different income level. The strategy will assist the company in increasing its customer base as it would increase the target market when people from different income classes are indulged in the buying of the company’s products. Place Since the company has established a sound consumer base of franchises in its target market, the

Benjamin Franklin in his Autobiography Essay Example for Free

Benjamin Franklin in his Autobiography Essay Similar to Benjamin Franklin in his Autobiography and Frederick Douglass in his Narrative, Pip in Great Expectations also demonstrates the archetypal boyhood to manhood narrative. Each story recounts a journey of growth and development, of maturation and self-discovery through experience. In addition, the protagonist of each novel has a purpose which directs his actions and decisions throughout the course of his journey. However, one significant difference exists between the two historical characters and the fictitious Pip-while Franklin and Douglass both strive for realistic and self-improving goals, Pip, like his imaginary character, entertains an idealistic dream. Pip desires to leave his former social class as a common boy and advance in life as a gentleman. This idealism quickly consumes Pip and becomes both the thematic center of the novel and the psychological mechanism that encourages much of Pips development. Ironically, many instances in the novel show that the symbols and figures of the wealthy class that Pip idolizes are in fact his greatest tormenters. From their unfavorable effects on Pip such as abuse, pain, and unhappiness, manifests the idea that social standing does not determine ones happiness and well being, and most importantly, ones self worth. Even before Pip becomes a member of the wealthy class, his mere exposure to it initiates a procession of pain brought about by physical, verbal, and emotional abuse. Miss Havisham, despite her eccentricity, represents the class, wealth, and advancement that direct Pips actions and emotions for a large portion of the novel. Upon hearing about Miss Havishams desire to see Pip, Mrs. Joe pounced upon [Pip], like an eagle on a lamb, and my face was squeezed into wooden bowls in sinks, and my head was put under taps of water-butts, and I was thumped and rasped, until I really was quite beside myself (52). Dickens clever use of violent rhetoric such as pounced, squeezed, and rasped and the metaphor, like an eagle on a lamb paints an unpleasant predator-to-victim scene in the readers mind. Mrs. Joes ecstatic reaction over the idea of Pips opportunity to befriend the wealthy class makes this scene the novels first hint of social advancement that will later consume Pips life. Consequently, Mrs. Joe becomes the first instrument of the upper class to inflict pain on Pip, carried out by the violent and painful bath. The physical abuse Pip endures here, so early in his childhood, also foreshadows the misery and pain he will later encounter among the upper classes. Moreover, closing the scene with my ablutions were completed (53) presents a resemblance between the simple bath and a ritual cleansing. The word ablution is most often associated with biblical allegories where priests were required to cleanse themselves before approaching the altar of God. Dickens word choice here seems to imply that Pips violent bath was necessary not only in cleansing him, but ridding him of the soil from his common life that might taint those in higher places. This bath scene serves as the novels first subtle but significant example that involvement with the upper class does not determine well being. The pain Pip endures from his first exposure to the upper class alerts the reader that an apparently positive development in his life (Miss Havishams invitation to her world) may have results to the contrary. Apart from physical abuse and torment, Pips first interactions with the wealthy class also cause him to suffer emotionally. The general magnificence and grandeur of Satis House exists not only as a symbol of the lives of the upper class, but as a symbol of Pips romantic perception of the upper class as well. In this aspect, it is also a source of misery for Pip and he realizes, daylight never entered [Satis House] and under its influence I continued at heart to hate my trade and to be ashamed of home (125). The ornate grandeur of Satis House has raised in Pip a new consciousness of his own low birth and common bearings. After his first visit, he even lies about his experience there, unwilling to sully his thoughts of it with the contrasting plainness of his every day world, for it must remain far above the level of common doings (72). Pips first visit to Satis House is a momentous event in his life. It raises in Pip an awareness of social contrast, robs him of his youthful innocence and sense of fulfillment and thus, further exemplifies the misery that is inherently linked with representations of the upper class. With the introduction of Miss Havisham and Satis House, the character Estella moves to the forefront of the novel as the ultimate symbol of Pips unattainable dream in Great Expectations, and the greatest cause of his sufferings. Ironically, Estellas condescension and spite matches Pips feelings about himself in the world of Satis House. He accepts her condescension, Why, he is a nothing but a common laboring-boy! (60), without defending himself because he idealizes Estella and sorrowfully believes her to be right. This is particularly evident during times when the difference between their social classes manifest itself in the smallest things, I had never thought of being ashamed of my hands before her contempt was so strong, that it became infectious, and I caught it (60). Moreover, Estella consistently refers to Pip as Mr. Pumblechooks boy (58), silly boy (266), or simply boy, using any word but his real name. This is a form of verbal abuse because it ultimately degrades Pip to a gender with no unique identity. Estella practices a deliberate cruelty on Pip that wins his deepest love and causes him to develop a passionate but unrequited devotion for her. This is one of the harshest examples of the pain and torment Pip must endure as he interacts with the upper class. Through these accounts, it becomes evident that social standing and wealth does not always determine well being. In fact, it may accomplish just the opposite-physical pain, emotional disturbance, and misery from the knowledge of ones common bearings. Even when Pip becomes a gentleman and is received by society, there is a sharp decline in his confidence and happiness that accompanies this rise in social status. Pips unofficial entrance into the world of a wealthy gentleman can be marked as the event where he put on a real gentleman suit. Interestingly, Pip describes, after this memorable event I felt rather like Mother Hubbards dog (152). While a notable occasion such as this would have naturally allowed for happiness and celebration, Pip instead compares his elevated social standing to a common animal of a childrens poem. The demeaning effect of the suit, versus its intended dignifying effect, not only foreshadows the unsatisfactory life Pip will lead as a gentleman, but poses further doubt on the hopes and ideals Pip holds of the wealthy class.

Furthering Emotional Intelligence through Video Games

Furthering Emotional Intelligence through Video Games The field of serious digital learning games that aim to develop players empathy along with their cognitive competencies has made tremendous strides in the past decade. Today, virtual simulations and video games for social change have much to offer the field of education. Even though the benefits of these offerings are still making themselves apparent, a growing number of teachers are trying to stay on the front-end. Many teachers are experimenting with new ways to connect with students through the very same technologies that occupy hours of young peoples leisure time. Teachers are increasingly interested in whether and how digital games and simulations might contribute to civic engagement and action. If video gaming and virtual simulations are so appealing to young people, how can we better harness these forms of entertainment to foster emotional intelligence and empathy so that students can exhibit a more caring and active response to relevant social issues? How can computerized sim ulation games help foster global empathy and interest in global civic learning/action? How might simulations help learners to empathize and identify with the lives of global Others? These are just a few questions that contribute to classroom learning in significant ways. Before considering the value of video games and virtual simulations in relation to empathy, it is important to recognize why empathy should be taught in schools. In our era of globalization, there is a growing need to educate for global citizenship, especially as people across the globe become more and more connected. A true global citizen values empathy and the ability to understand other people across borders and cultural divides. As a significant factor of being human, empathy is often defined as an emotional state that involves feeling in oneself the feelings of others. Empathy is emerging as an especially significant disposition for global citizenship because it enables us to perceive the world through others perspectives, experience the emotions of others, and communicate and act in ways that consider others views and needs (Bachen et al., 2012, p. 438). As adults, we come to see ourselves not only as citizens of our local community, country, or ethno-cultural group, but also a s global citizens willing and able to empathize with other peoples and their situations elsewhere in the world. While students can certainly learn about the plight of disadvantaged peoples around the world, adding empathy to the learning experience helps them retain and relate to this knowledge in a more profound way: emotion plays a variety of important roles in thinking and learning. First, when we are processing information, we store it more deeply and integrate with our prior knowledge better when that new information has an emotional charge for us, when we feel something is at stake or matters (Gee, 2008, p. 35). In addition, just as empathy can be used to increase understanding of various global issues, the more students are asked to analyze and relate to global issues through the eyes of an Other, the deeper their empathic response becomes. As a result, empathy is a key component of social justice education. If a primary goal of social justice education is to cultivate a responsibility to take action, then we cannot truly teach social justice without empathy. Social justice education is based on a need to identify and change structural inequalities and disparities worldwide. An effective way to teach this is to provide students with opportunities to not only gain contextual knowledge but also have experiences that create empathic insights into the lives of people who are oppressed. Segal (2011) believes that when there is a shared definition of the empathic insights into discrimination, injustice, or inequality, individuals are better able and more willing to take action that promotes social justice (p. 268). Therefore, the capacity to experience empathy through a true contextual lens deepens our understanding of the society we live in and compels us to feel a social responsibility that can result in social justice. Segal (2011) states that exposing children to others who are different f rom themselves gives them an opportunity to practice affect sharing or mirroring and self/other-awareness while at the same time enhancing their awareness and understanding of different social conditions (p. 274). This awareness, in conjunction with empathy, can lead to a greater desire to take action for social change. Video games and virtual simulations are a simple and effective vehicle to connect students to the lives of people from various social groups. These tools are effective in promoting empathy within a social justice context because they feature compelling narratives that draw players into a given situation. The power of narrative thus serves as a fundamental aspect of educational gaming: Narrative-centered learning environments afford significant opportunities for students to participate in motivating story-based educational experiences. Virtual characters can engage users in a variety of task-oriented educational and entertainment roles. Fantasy contexts in educational games have been shown to provide motivational benefits to learning. Because of the power of story to draw audiences into compelling plots and rich settings through the promotion of suspension of disbelief and increased story involvement, narrative can contribute to learning in important ways. (McQuiggan et al, 2008, p. 1511) Besides hooking students into a story, narrative-based games invite players to adopt the point of view of a person who may be very different from the players own self, which then results in a number of judgments about the Other being altered, as the player exercises empathy: By encouraging us to exercise our moral imagination, we develop our capacity to more fully put ourselves in another persons situations and thus those different to ourselves in circumstance, identity or practice can no longer be dehumanized or Other-ised as disgusting or subhuman' (McRobie, 2014, n.p.). Narrative-based games and simulations forge connections between humans from different parts of the planet, and the player can learn to better identify with and understand the plight of someone whom he or she may never otherwise meet in real life. Furthermore, this role-playing facet of gaming, with all of its imaginative capacity, can result in better identification with the Other as empathy continues to develop in the player: Empathy may be further developed when a player not only takes the perspective of another, but also begins to identify with the character represented (Bachen et al., 2012, p. 440). Increased identification with the media character has further benefit, as Bachen et al. (2012) explain that this leads to greater attention to and retention of messages associated with those characters (p. 440). As a result, educators can exploit games and virtual simulations because they not only connect students to various peoples across the globe, but ultimately can result in deeper learning because students become immersed in their learning and take more away with them by the end of the experience. A key difference between traditional written narratives (stories, novels, etc.) and virtual simulations is the ability to simulate (and virtually live) a real-life experience that a student would otherwise only read about. Video games and virtual simulations open up the possibility to interact with a time and place that can be worlds away: a virtual world provides an experience set within a technological environment that gives the user a strong sense of being there (Warburton, 2009, p. 415). Because of their narrative feature, videos games and virtual simulations present players with a character that they adopt, while living out a set of experiences from the perspective of the character (Gee, 2008). They allow for exposure to authentic content and culture and allow for reproduction of contexts that cannot be reproduced easily in real life: Most games for change simulate real physical casualties so that the player develops an awareness of a situation where war and genocide may be cent ral to everyday life (Huang and Tettagah, 2010, p. 138). This, in turn, allows students to experience complex and potentially dangerous situations without risk, virtually adopting the perils of the characters life, while simultaneously feel[ing] sympathy and/or empathy for the characters in the game (Huang and Tettagah, 2010, p. 138). Raphael et al. (2010) propose that [r]ole playing games permit players to explore institutional, geographical, and temporal settings that would otherwise be inaccessible, allowing players to learn from the consequences of choices made in the world of the game that would be impractical or dangerous to experience directly (p. 200). Within this role-playing context, players exercise agency, as they are given the freedom to experiment according to their own goals. Players are permitted to do and act according to their own judgments. This experimentation can help the player better understand the potential consequences of certain actions or choices. In virtu ally living out the consequences, the player is more likely to empathize with the character in the situation, which hopefully will lead to increased understanding of inequities around the world and the need for action to address issues of social justice. To put my discussion of game-playing, empathy and social justice into an educational context, I would like to present three examples of virtual simulations and video games that can be used in classrooms to encourage empathy and action. The first is called Real Lives (http://www.educationalsimulations.com/), a simulation game designed for middle and high school students in which the player is born into a life from any country in the world. For instance, students can experience life as a peasant farmer in Bangladesh, a factory worker in Brazil, a policeman in Nigeria, or a computer operator in Poland. As players adopt the perspective of the given identity, they apply knowledge to solve real problems while comparing different value systems as they play the game. Students must make a variety of decisions that involve work opportunities, financial standing, health, marriage and family life, and participation in civil society. The game prompts players to engage in ethical reflection, alway s in the context of challenges or opportunities prevalent to the given country (based on real-world statistics for the countrys poverty rate, infant mortality rate, and so on) (Raphael et al, 2010, p. 216). The efficacy of this game in creating empathic insights is evidenced by Bachen et al.s (2012) study, which did show that Real Lives had a considerable effect on players development of global empathy: Comparing students who played the game with those who participated in an alternate computer-assisted learning activity, we found that playing the simulation game was associated with significantly higher levels of global empathy (Bachen et al., 2012, p. 450). Games like Real Lives are well suited to developing personal responsibility or character. Raphael states games for social change lend themselves to exploring individual ethics rather than the ethics of institutions or society although they still introduce students to the dynamics of large-scale structures that shape lives giving them little power to alter those structures but demanding ethical evaluation of them (p. 219). As in Real Lives, games of responsibility can also force players to grapple with the question of how to live a good life in a society that may be imperfect and unjust (Raphael et al, 2010, p. 221). A second virtual simulation video game that evokes player empathy is Darfur is Dying (http://darfurisdying.com/). This online game is based on the genocide in Sudan and is described by the games developers as a narrative-based simulation where the user, from the perspective of the displaced Darfurian, negotiates forces that threaten the survival of his or her refugee camp. It offers a faint glimpse of what its like for the more than 2.5 million who have been internally displaced by the crisis in Sudan (http://www.darfurisdying.com/aboutgame.html). I have used this game in my classroom teaching with grade seven students and have observed that many enjoy the experience because of the game-based challenges that students must be overcome as their characters risk their lives to protect their village while still seeking to maintain survival. Huang and Tettegah (2010) state that the goals of the developers and instructional designers of Darfur is Dying include raising awareness so that the player/user shares fear, empathy, and other emotions associated with victims of war. Darfur is Dying was developed with goals to educate, provide support and inspire (p. 142). Characters depict actual situations that occur in real life, summoning the players emotive capacity as s/he virtually becomes a displaced Darfurian who must take serious risks while completing seemingly mundane daily tasks, such as gathering food and water. I use this game in my classroom with the hope that students develop empathy for the character, based on the experiences portrayed in the game, and that this leads to cultural awareness and a deeper human connection to the peoples of Sudan. In other words, empathy becomes the main learning outcome as opposed to acquiring specific content. Finally, Against All Odds (http://www.playagainstallodds.ca/) is a third internet-based video game simulation for social change that can be used to teach empathy within a social justice framework. The game was developed by the United Nations Refugee Agency and is designed to teach 12- to 15-year-old players about the plight of refugees. Players take on the role of a refugee, and play through stages, from depiction of persecution and flight from their native country to eventual integration into a foreign country as an asylum seeker. I find this game particularly pertinent today, especially in view of our current political climate and the displacement of Syrian refugees. Many students are hearing about these issues in the news and in discussions at home, but do not fully understand what it means to be a refugee, the struggles refugees face, and how individual citizens in Canada might be able to aid in this situation. Raphael et al. (2010) argue that virtual simulation games that promot e empathy, such as Against All Odds, can encourage students to seek out more knowledge beyond the game and make efforts to act rather than merely observe: playing or developing games may increase students motivation to learn and drive them to consult sources outside the game, inspire critical reflection on history and politics and how they are represented, provide multiple viewpoints on contested events and ideas, allow players to draw on distributed knowledge and develop skills in leadership and collective action that can be used to tackle real-world political problems, or afford opportunities to explore ethical choices and develop empathetic understanding by projecting oneself through an avatar into places and times otherwise inaccessible. (p. 200) My ultimate goal in using video game simulations such as Against All Odds is to promote civic action. It is not enough for students to know about a problem, empathize with those affected, and then go on living their normal lives without further reflection. I hope that the empathy that is established by the game playing incites students to take action, even in a small way, so that they understand that global citizenship is an active task and that we are each individually responsible for the Other. Given that a fundamental part of social justice is developing a community of citizens who take action, it is important that students who play video game simulations such as Real Lives, Dying in Darfur, and Against All Odds are provided with an outlet to both show understanding of empathy and take action. The question that remains for me is what can students do with this experience? Based on their experiences playing one or more virtual simulation games, students can now create their own video game simulations presenting a day in the life of a refugee of their choosing. Using online software called Twine, students can create a narrative that allows players to choose various paths, much like a choose-your-own-adventure book. As students create their game, they demonstrate an understanding of the daily struggles faced by a particular refugee, thus exhibiting empathy for lives of people who may be very different from themselves. In order to make this task an activist one, my middle-schoo l students will be asked to create their game for a younger student in our neighbouring elementary school. This allows students to do something with what they have learned, and as they share the game with a younger child, they take on the role of educator and active citizen. Social justice video games can provide real opportunity for reflection and learning in todays classrooms. For teachers who wish to engage students in learning about real world issues, or who are seeking alternative resources to enhance student learning, pairing young peoples interest in games with a serious social justice topic has the potential to result in powerful educational experiences. The narrative component of virtual simulation games is a real hook that can entice students to learn about the lives of people around the world, and the interactive features require students to both become the character while exercising agency to solve authentic civic problems. The problem-solving aspect of these virtual games puts students in the shoes of the Other, allowing them to better understand hardships and hopefully strongly empathize with a life that may otherwise seem distant and irrelevant. While video game simulations are not a magic solution to increasing student engagement or devel oping empathy, they certainly can be a great tool that allows students to realize that they play an important role in making change around the world.

Sport Utility Vehicles :: SUVs Transportation Automobiles Essays

Sport Utility Vehicles In recent years the market for SUVs, Sport Utility Vehicles, and pickup-trucks has increased significantly. In fact, â€Å"more than 40% of consumers say they are considering buying an SUV for their next vehicle, the highest of any segment,† (Halliday 1-2). As the name implies, Sport Utility Vehicles were originally intended as means of transportation in places where normal cars would not function well, such as off-road. Pickup-trucks were also designed for a practical purpose, hauling materials that would not normally fit in a car trunk. Has the dramatic increase in sales of SUVs lead to a dramatic increase in the number of people driving off-road? No. Has the dramatic increase in the sales of pickup-trucks lead to an increase in people hauling large objects? No. The majority of SUV and truck owners purchase their vehicles because they believe that they are safer. The question arises how safe are SUVs and trucks really? SUV and truck safety can be broken down into t wo categories, the safety of the driver of the SUV or truck and the safety of any other motorist who collides with an SUV or truck. What kinds of people would want to buy an SUV or a truck? Well the practical answer would be people who want to off-road or haul large equipment, but that is not the largest group of SUV and truck consumers. Most SUV owners buy SUVs because they feel as though they are more protected in case of an accident. This is a proven fact â€Å"SUVs, vans, and pickups appear to be more aggressive and may be more crashworthy than cars. Effects of pickups are most pronounced. Drivers in pickups face less risk of serious injury than car drivers,† (Toy / Hammitt 7-8). This is a very valid point. Force is equal to mass times acceleration. If a car and an SUV are traveling at a relatively similar speed and they collide, the vehicle with more mass, the SUV, will always win. This obsession with feeling safe is resulting in the size of SUVs and trucks reaching ridiculous proportions. The new Ford Excursion is too large to fit into many normal sized parking spaces. Every year trucks and SUVs get bigger in an effort to be the â€Å"safest† vehicle on the road.

How to Run a Good Meeting :: essays research papers

How to Run a Good Meeting Most people don’t like meetings. They say they are boring, go on too long, and don’t get anything done. And often that’s the truth. So to have a good meeting, you need to make it interesting, keep it on track, and make sure something gets done. Here are eight steps toward making your next meeting a success. 1. Make sure you need to have a meeting. Meetings are needed when a group of people must be involved in an action or a decision. Don’t schedule a meeting just because it’s time to have one. 2. Set a goal for the meeting. Be very clear about why you’re having the meeting, and what needs to get done or be decided. Break that task into steps, or divide the discussion into sections—that’s the agenda for your meeting. At the start of the meeting say, this is our goal, and if we can get this done, the meeting will be a success. At the end of the meeting remind them that you achieved your goal. This lets everyone leave feeling successful, and they’ll be glad to come to your next meeting. 3. Put decisions to the group. The participants own the meeting. Let them set the agenda before the meeting, or at least add to it when you begin. If decisions need to be made about the process (whether to end a discussion that’s going too long, for example) then ask that question to the group. 4. Stay on schedule. Remember that every minute a person spends in your meeting, they could be doing other things. They’re with you because they’ve decided your meeting is important, so treat them like their time is important. Start on time and end on time! 5. Pay attention to what’s important. Set a certain amount of time for each item on the agenda, based on how important it is. If the group starts spending a lot of time on details, ask them â€Å"Is this what we want to spend our time talking about?† A lot of details can be worked out by individuals or committees—meetings are for the decisions that need to involve the whole group. 6. Keep the meeting on track. Your agenda is the tool you use to make sure you’re on time and on the right topic. When side issues come up, help the group get back on track. If the issue sounds important, check with the group.

A Dream Story – Creative Writing

Around me is long tall grass swaying slowly in the gentle breeze. Ahead of me is a thin path which meanders into the valley below me. Above me the clouds do not appear to be moving and each cloud seems to be looking at me expecting me to move. I tell myself I should, but the question is where? I want to move but my heart is telling me, change is ahead. I take a large deep breath of the clean, odourless country air. My legs begin to move. I have decided to follow the path which seems to have an abnormal atmosphere about it. As I begin to stroll forward I see naked trees with no leaves. The trees sway in the cold wind which makes them look as though they are shivering. The clouds above me are getting darker and darker; eventually they get as black as soot. All of a sudden creature like sky above me lets out a roar and its white deposits drift down onto me. It is snowing. As I continue to walk down the path questions begin to fly around me. How did I get here? Why am I here? Before I got here I was in my room listening to some music. All of a sudden an ear splitting noise besieged my ears. It was as if someone was drumming on my eardrums. Around me everything became a smoky mask. The world around me became a white blur. My eyes slowly shut into a midnight black world. When I awoke I had been transported into a setting that was very new to me. I began to think what I had just left behind I continued down the hill. I began to meander further and further down the path. At my feet the snow was starting to thaw out. Small flakes of snow on the ground were glistening in the bright sun as if they were saying â€Å"The joke's on you.† But why? It wasn't as if I had chosen to come here, wherever I was. Even when I was perched on the top of the hill, my path had already been chosen for me and that was the only direction I could go. What did this path symbolise? I would find out in due course. After another five minutes of constant downhill walking. I reached a small hindrance. A small transparent stream was blocking my path. It didn't really pose a large problem to me. All I had to do was to roll up my trousers and walk across it. For some weird reason, I was wearing sandals with no socks. When I was back in my room I had been wearing socks. All of the rest of the clothes I had been wearing were unchanged, so why the change of footwear? The water in the stream was surprisingly warm. In the water there was absolutely nothing. I dipped my head and I took a large gulp of the precious liquid, as I was desperately thirsty. My body was also cooled down. With fluid inside me I was ready to continue on my path. Around me trees were getting fewer and all that was around was tall grass. The only hill in sight was where I had come from, where I had launched my expedition into the unknown from. The path was beginning to get wider, smoother and easier to walk on. Perhaps I was getting somewhere significant. Maybe I was near the end of the path close to my friends and family. Was this all wishful thinking? Only time would tell. I started to walk faster. My walk grew into a jog. My jog grew into a run. My run grew into a sprint. All this because the path was getting wider and the surface was evening out. I knew something was ahead of me. I was beginning to tire. In the distance a barrier was slowly starting to form. What was I about to reach? I stood by the red and white wooden barrier which was blocking my way and preventing my onward journey. Why was it stopping me? Of course! I suddenly realised that it was a level crossing. On the floor in front of me were two iron parallel lines which were the train track. As it had just shut before my eyes a locomotive must be approaching. I looked left. Nothing. I looked right. Nothing. Again I looked left. Again nothing. Then I looked right and there it was chugging towards me. An ancient steam locomotive was coming towards me and out of the top of the engine steam billowed as if there were a hundred chimneys. The engine became louder and louder as it approached. Slowly it passed me. Gold letters shone out at me which read â€Å"Paul Sturrock†. Who was Paul Sturrock? All I could think of was that he must have been a great man to have had a fine locomotive named after him. Whilst I was daydreaming the train had almost passed by me. Should I get on the train? If I did where would I end up? The train might just go to some city I have never nor have any desire to go to. If I didn't get on the train I would just carry on the path to where ever I got to, but I would probably be safe. It was decision time. I ran past the red and white striped barrier. As this was an old fashioned train it wasn't going extremely fast. The rear carriage had a small platform where the conductor would stand. For some reason this train had no conductor. Come to think of it when I saw the train slowly pass me by there wasn't a driver by the looks of it. Perhaps though I was just imagining that. As I pulled my self up onto the black floor of the rear carriage I had a peek inside, there appeared to only be a handrail around the coach and a table with food coming from it. It was my favourite food roast beef with all the trimmings. I opened the door into the carriage. Nobody was inside. The smell of the warm Sunday lunch slowly drifted my way. I started to dribble at the thought of food. It must have been hours since I had eaten. I sat down on the comfy looking cushioned chair. It was beautiful. I could rest my feet which had recently clocked up many miles. I felt like I was a car who had just run out of petrol and who was just refuelling with delicious looking dinner in front of me. I picked up the shiny polished silver cutlery. I took a bite of the meat. It was exactly how I liked it. Not well done but not rare. It was the perfect medium to rare meat. I gobbled down the rest of the food very quickly. I now began to realise that somebody must have realised I was getting onto this train and must have cooked me the food. I advanced into the next carriage. Nothing. The next carriage. Nothing. The next carriage. Nothing. Finally in the last carriage I found a spotless kitchen. I begun to wander round it. In the oven there was no evidence that something had just been cooked. There were no finger marks on the stainless steel food preparation tables. On the floor something caught my eye. It was a note of places which were on this train's trip. I had heard of none of the places such as Jopwold, Southchester, Keele, Harow and the last place was simply named â€Å"The Wall†. Had we just stopped at one of these places before I got on? Were we heading back to the depot? I had no idea; all I could do is wait. Sitting down in an empty kitchen is hardly the most fun ever and it seemed to go on forever. I stood up looked in the cupboards there weren't even any spare ingredients so I couldn't even try and make some interesting food. Outside, there was nothing but the same tall, abysmal looking grass. I heard a high pitch screech as the train lurched me forwards. We were stopping. Were we at one of the stops on the piece of paper? As the train began to get slower and slower I stuck my head out of the carriage window. The train stopped. I looked left and right down the carriages to see if anyone was getting out. As I expected, nobody was. As I was leaning out, the door suddenly opened and I fell out crashing to the floor. I sat down where I had fallen waiting for the train to move on. Five minutes later it still hadn't moved. I presumed that I had reached â€Å"The Wall†. I looked around me. Where was this wall? I walked round the other side of the train. There it was. A glass wall stretching as far as the eye could see. On the other side of the glass wall was a black void with absolutely nothing in it. I knocked on the glass. It seemed very strong. I wanted to get through it. There was nothing round me to help me break through, just the same grass. Of course the table I had just eaten off on the train! I picked it up and carried it off the train. I pulled one of the legs off it and threw it at the glass wall with all my strength. It just rebounded off. I quickly pulled off the other three legs and hurled them at the wall but they just bounced off. I knew in my mind I had reached the end of the world.

What Is the Relationship Between Technology, Scien

Assessment 3: Final Essay Question What is the relationship between technology, science and the visual? Analyse a text of your choice (Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon) in a way that demonstrates your understanding of the connections between bodies, technologies and visual reproduction. Josephine Polutea, Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon (2011) The relationship between technology, science and the visual I believe is that they all interconnect with each other. The technological invention of the lithographic device for example enabled numerous visual reproductions for magazines and newspapers. This then opened up the door to the revolutionary technological shift in visual reproduction from lithography to photography that enabled replications to cater for the masses. This ability to produce multiple copies of any one image came about with the revolutionary development of the ‘negative’. (Lecture 5 / Technologies of the Visual Reproduction, 2011) This is evident in the movie Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon where the use of the images and footage from the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing are used to encapsulate the viewer to identify and empathise with the historical event that is used as a â€Å"spectacle† in the movie. Science wise this was a breakthrough in all history of mankind although there is speculation and scepticism that the event in fact never took place (Lecture 5 / Visuality, History, Event Spectacle, 2011) in an effort to gain capital for funding of the NASA space program approximately estimated at thirty billion dollars. (Lecture 14 / Visuality, History, Event Spectacle, 2011). On the contrary this is problematic in any evidence documented in history for history although makes for a good story line in a movie about technology, science and the â€Å"bodies† involved in this visual reproduction of the â€Å"historical event†. As this event spectacle was used in the movie as the basis of the visual narrative which was what I gathered to be that the American government discovered an unidentified object that crashed on the moon’s surface and the Presidents reaction to send the astronauts to the moon as he quotes in the movie â€Å"You get there before the Russians† and â€Å"Well you tell NASA to move heaven and earth. † Gives the impression that Mr President is very patriotic and based on â€Å"actions speak louder than words†? There is a sense of urgency where one would assume that there was a conspiracy to cover up a â€Å"top secret mission† to discover if there really were any alien life forms present on the moon or to cover up discoveries of such encounters. A reason of state would account for the manipulation of such evidence to enforce the protecting public morality, educating the population, looking after national interests and promoting community values. (Schirato, Webb 2007, p 174). The news media’s job is to report the facts clearly, with as much accuracy as possible. Unfortunately this isn’t the case. Science and reason are a good arsenal to have in the battle against pseudoscience, but in most cases they take a back seat to history and tradition. Plait (2002) These technological experiments and discoveries speak from the investigations of science and other certain unexplained issues for example extra-terrestrial, the supernatural or the unexplained â€Å"other† unidentified flying objects or mechanical beings. The images of an â€Å"alien† life form are visual reproduction of a circulated urban myth ‘so to speak’ rather there are no actual scientific evidentiary to substantiate claims from victims of the so called alien abductions or alien encounters. The descriptions given are used to form this visual that an alien has a big coned head, with big black oddly shaped eyes, a mouth and no nose but seem to be smaller in height then an average person. The greatest influence over visual practices in the contemporary Western world are what we call normalisation, which is associated with the fields of science, bureaucracy and government, and capitalism. (Schirato and Webb 2004) So why is it, that in the movies they look familiarly tall and strong and awfully unattractive? Or those in Transformers that are referred to as aliens? The â€Å"other† bodies I will refer to the ‘transforming robots’ in the movie Transformers and the government â€Å"bodies† that are directly involved in this highly classified special operations task and the power role they play in the movie. According to Schirato and Webb (2004) scientific categories of truth and reality are circulated throughout popular culture, particularly in the media. This is the main reason why we have used the term â€Å"normalising† rather than ‘scientific’ to designate this particular visual regime. The movie begins with the notion of a race soon to be extinct by war. In an opening statement that says, â€Å"We were once a peaceful race of intelligent mechanical beings, but then came the war. † A war between the Autobots and Dicepticons on their planet called ‘Cybertron’. This ‘mechanical being’ or what post-modernist film directors would call â€Å"aliens† freely roam the universe and eventually take refuge on planet Earth. This concept of machine life and human life co-existing and living in harmony is reinforced in the movie as a political opportunism point of view. For instance their alliance with the autobots to serve and protect America and the world from breach of national and international security. Optimus Prime quotes â€Å"In a year since our arrival, our new â€Å"home† Earth has seen much change. Energon’ detectors guard its cities now. Long range defense systems watch the skies. So now we assist our allies in solving human conflicts, to prevent mankind bringing harm to itself†. The normalisation of scientific revolution and bureaucratic power only serves a purpose that politically we as a society, a community we don’t really have a say in what happens but only that we are shaped and influen ced to conform to what we should be expected to behave, believe or feel towards a certain situation. This brings to surface the subjectivity that we are familiar with in our everyday lives. For example if we are pulled over by a policeman for a random breath test or for surpassing the speed limit we autonomously adjust our attitudes and stature to address the officer because we know that the ‘body’ or ‘other’ serves a purpose to the law and its people and therefore the power relationship is automatically referenced to the officer. This power relationship between the bureaucracy and the people is displayed in the movie when Sam is attacked by laser beak, a side kick of Megatron and escapes in his efforts to assist the autobots before the decepticons take over the world. He is confronted by Director of National Intelligence Miriam who questions Coronel Lenick. â€Å" I know his name, I wanna know who gave him clearance? † and later argues â€Å"we cannot entrust national security to teenagers unless I missed the policy papers, are we doing that? I didn’t think so†. As Schriato and Webb explains (2004) when a soldier saw something that signified a superior officer (a particular uniform, stripes), he was required to behave, quite automatically, in a submissive manner. Similarly, the idea was that when the population saw signs of state’s authority (buildings, functionaries in uniforms, titles, letter-heads) they would see, without questioning or hesitation, something that was greater, more powerful and more knowledgeable than themselves, and adjust their behaviour to comply with these manifest signs of the state. In the movie these signs are visible especially in reference to the government bodies, President and the Pentagon – Bureaucratic and Political Division, NASA – Science Division, and the National Security Intelligence – Defence Division & Department of Health & Human Services which is signified as a body that serves a purpose to the people although take authority from the government, science, and defence divisions. As global cultural flow of images are circulated through the public media sphere and as such the Lunar Landing were celebrated through the United States and the world as a great historical accomplishment. We are conformed to believe this is true because we generally believe that â€Å"seeing is believing† and that the images provided we take as ‘photographic truth’. The mechanical nature of image-producing systems such as photography and film, and the electronic nature of image-making systems such as television, computer graphics, and digital images, bear the legacy of ‘positivist’ concepts of science (Lecture 6 / Technologies of Visual Reproduction, 2001). Plait (2004) states that people confuse the far side with the dark side. You almost never hear the phrase â€Å"far side of the moon†. It’s always â€Å"dark side of the moon†. This phrase isn’t really wrong but it is inaccurate. If movies were the only purveyors of scientific inaccuracies, there would hardly be a problem. After all it’s their job to peddle fantasy. In conclusion the connections between science and technology is a relationship between the global media sphere and the reason of state that governs all scientific, bureaucratic, political and capitalist fields that form and shape our views of how we perceive the world we live in. Therefore my understanding is that science and technology have a strong relationship in the realm of the ‘visual regimes’ and there connections to our world views of government ‘bodies’, scientific technologies and the shift in technological visual reproductions. The reference list Plait, P C 2004, Bad Astronomy Misconceptions and Misuse Revealed, from Astrology to the Moon Landing â€Å"Hoax† John Wiley & Sons Inc. , New York. Schirato, T & Webb, J 2004, Reading the Visual, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest. CLT120, Vision, Visuality and Everyday Life, Lecture 5 – Technologies of the Visual Reproduction, Macquarie University, 2011. CLT120, Vision, Visuality and Everyday Life, Lecture 6 – The Myth of the Photographic Real, Macquarie University, 2011. CLT120, Vision, Visuality and Everyday Life, Lecture 14 – Visuality, History, Event Spectacle, Macquarie University, 2011

Analysis of Financial Modeling Literature review

Analysis of Financial Modeling - Literature review Example We begin the chapter with the general idea of the VaR and the various approaches to the VaR, the historic application and the application of the same. We also include the evaluation of the VaR at the different possible approaches in the study; a final conclusion is made by the calculations carried out in the study. Introduction: The ‘value at risk’ is an extensively employed risk measure concept in the risk of loss on a particular portfolio of financial assets. For a specified portfolio, probability and time horizon, VaR is described as a threshold price such that the possibility that the market loss on the portfolio above the particular time horizon go beyond this value is the known probability level. VaR has different important uses in financial risk management, risk assessment, financial control, reporting of the financial statement and calculating the capital regulation by analyzing the Various concepts. VaR can also be used in non-financial aspects. The VaR risk ass essment defines risk as a market loss on a permanent portfolio over an unchanging time horizon, by analyzing the normal markets. There are many option risk procedures in finance. As a substitute of mark-to-market, which makes use of the market value to define loss, a loss is frequently defined as the transformation in principal value. For instance, if an organization hold a loan that decline in market price as the interest charge go up, but has no alteration in cash flows or credit quality, some systems do not identify a loss. Or we can try to integrate the economic price of possessions, which was not calculated in everyday financial statements, such as loss of market assurance or employee confidence, destruction of brand names etc. â€Å"VaR measures are inherently probabilistic† (Holton 2003, p. 107). Moderately assuming an unchanging portfolio above a fixed time horizon, several risk measures integrate the consequence of probable operation and believe the expected investme nt period of position. Lastly, some risk procedures adjust for the probable effects of irregular markets, rather than excluding them from the calculation.  

Censorship of the internet in Saudi Arabia Essay

Censorship of the internet in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example There are many ways wherein the use of the Internet is being control and censored throughout Saudi Arabia. Among the common strategy used in filtering the content, the World Wide Web (WWW) traffic has to pass through the main proxy server at ISU. (Al-Tawil, 2001) This process will enable the machine to automatically log all activities that happens using the Internet. In line with the need to filter the Internet content, the ISP proxies are given the power to block or filter any sites that violates the cultural, moral, and religious beliefs of people in Saudi Arabia including pornographic and gay sites whereas the ISP servers are required to keep a one-month activity log of all IP address, user name, time and date of activity of each subscribers (Internet Filtering in Saudi Arabia, 2009). Strictly for control purposes, ISPs could use firewalls to increase their network security (ibid). With the use of control and censorship of Internet use, Saudi Arabian government could easily trace the source of crime in order to give justice to the victims. Some people argue that censoring the Internet is very important for the government and people. In line with this argument, Klang & Murray (2005) explained that â€Å"Saudi Arabia uses technology developed by Secure Computing Corporation, the makers of Smart Filer, at the national level to filter access to human rights, dissident, gambling sites and pornography† (p. 122). Likewise, the act of controlling the use of the Internet can be useful in tracking suspects of online crimes (WorldNetDaily , 2009). Since the Internet technology is capable of transmitting high quality photos and images online (Horrigan, 2006), a lot of people have committed themselves to the online marketing of pornographic materials such as the cyberspace (Thornburgh & Lin, 2002). The problem with the use of the Internet browsers such as Google and Yahoo is